PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.